By August 8, 2024, a total of 211 measles cases were reported across 27 jurisdictions in the United States, marking a significant increase compared to previous years. The affected regions include: Arizona, California, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
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According to the CDC, measles is an airborne, extremely infectious, and potentially severe rash illness. Before the vaccine, experts estimate measles hospitalized 48,000 people each year. Additionally, 400–500 people died annually.
The year 2024 has seen 13 outbreaks. An outbreak is defined as three or more related cases, with 68% of the cases (143 out of 211) being outbreak-associated. This is a stark contrast to 2023. 2023 reported only four outbreaks with 49% of cases (29 out of 59) being outbreak-associated.
Vaccine efficacy and recommendations for measles cases
The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine remains highly effective. Two doses provide about 97% efficacy at preventing measles. One dose offers about 93% efficacy. Additionally, children aged 12 months through 12 years can receive the MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella) vaccine. It provides comprehensive protection against these diseases.
Related: Adult Immunization Update: What Every NP Needs to Know
Despite the high effectiveness of these vaccines, a decline in vaccination rates has contributed to the resurgence of measles cases both domestically and globally. Experts declared measles eliminated in the United States in 2000. This is largely due to extensive vaccination programs that included mandatory immunizations for kindergartners entering public schools. However, recent years have seen a troubling uptick in cases, emphasizing the need for renewed focus on vaccination efforts.
